Brazilian cohort: crude and adjusted linear regression analysis to investigate the prediction of metabolic risk z-score by birth order and explore the effects of birth weight and catch up growth after 20 months.

B = regression coefficient for first-borns; ±95CI = 95% Confidence Interval. Significant p values are shown in bold.Brazilian Cohort: Analysis was adjusted as follows:Model 1: Unadjusted.Model 2: Adjusted for family income; maternal education; household wealth score; breastfeeding for at least six months; maternal smoking during pregnancy; maternal weight at the beginning of the pregnancy, maternal height, and subject smoking at 18 years.Model 3: Adjusted for model 2+ birth weight z-score.Model 4: Adjusted for model 3+ weight gain z-score birth to 20 months.The calculation of the metabolic risk z-score is described in the methods section.