High resolution sulfur concentrations measured in the archived Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) ice core from 2100 to 2365 meter depth, 2017-2022

The overall objective of this research is to (1) develop high resolution measurements of a range of aerosol-related elements, chemical species, and isotopes in archived Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) ice corresponding to Greenland stadial and interstadial events 5 through 12 from the last Glacial period, and (2) use these measurements to better understand climate processes and feedbacks underlying rapid climate change events including the effects of biomass burning emissions. Fundamental to such research is linking these new GISP2 measurements to records in other deep ice cores, in particular the Antarctic West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide core record in which similar aerosol-related measurements have been made. This dataset contains sulfur concentrations measured at high depth resolution from 2100 to 2365 meter (m) in archived GISP2 ice. These were used for volcanic synchronization with other deep Arctic (NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project), GRIP (Greenland Ice Core Project), NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling)) and Antarctic (EDML, EDC, WD (WAIS Divide)) ice cores with larger aim of improving understanding of the dynamics of the global climate system as described in Svensson et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2024). Sulfur was measured at high depth resolution in 265 m of GISP2 ice using a continuous ice core melter system coupled to an Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer, and the continuous measurements were averaged to 4-centimeter depth resolution.