A dataset of arid surface water in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during extreme high-temperature in 2022

As global warming and climate change, in the summer of 2022, the Yangtze River basin in China was affected by climate anomalies and experienced the strongest high-temperature process since the complete meteorological observation records in 1961, which led to the continuous low water level of the Yangtze River tributaries and the rare phenomenon of "anti-depletion of flood season" in Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, which were affected by climate. Lakes are indicators of global climate change, and water area changes in lakes have become one of the sensitive indicators of regional ecological environment and climate change. In this study, the GEE cloud computing platform was used to call Sentienl-1 SAR data to calculate the sentinel-1 dual-polarized water index(SDWI), and the optimal threshold value was calculated by the OTSU algorithm. The final water change monitoring data at 10m resolution for the main body of Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake and surrounding areas during the strong heat period in 2022 were obtained. This dataset is validated to have an overall accuracy of over 96% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.92. The dataset includes spatiotemporal variations in arid water bodies of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during strong high temperatures in 2022, which can provide data support and scientific basis for sustainable utilization of lake water resources in extreme weather and global climate change research and ecological evolution of lakes studies.