The Comorbidity of Problematic Smartphone Use and Social Anxiety: Evidence from a Network Analysis

The data were preprocessed by using IBM SPSS 19.0 software to conduct descriptive statistical and correlation analyses on 540 participants. The community dataset was complete and without missing values.Network model estimation, establishment, and centrality index calculation were then performed. The network was estimated using the EBICglasso function in the qgraph software package (Version 1.9.3; Epskamp et al., 2012) in R (Version 4.1.3, RCore Team, 2022). The Glasso network was used to calculate a partial correlation network, in which the relationship between symptoms can explain all other relationships in the model; each item is represented as a node, and the association between items is referred to as the edge.