The total number of mononuclear cells generated in liquid culture.

CD34+ cells were exposed to X-rays or carbon-ion beams and cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with cytokines. On day 14, cells harvested from each culture were counted. Each experiment was performed as an independent experiment. Values are the means±S.E. of more than four independent experiments. aP = 4.90×10−2 vs. non-irradiated control, bP = 7.42×10−3 vs. 0.5 Gy in X-ray, cP = 2.50×10−5 vs. non-irradiated control, dP = 1.85×10−5 vs. non-irradiated control.