Demographic data.

**P<0.01; SD, standard deviation; Max/Min, maximal/minimal.
The number of participants did not differ between genders (Chi-square P>0.05). The dancer and pianist groups were significantly younger than the control group (two-tailed two-sample t test; dancer, t(55) = 6.94, P<0.001; pianists, t(54) = 3.84, P<0.001). The duration of learning differed among the three artist groups (one-way ANOVA, F(2,84) = 16.96, P<0.001). Post-hoc analysis using the Tukey HSD test revealed that the pianists had a longer duration of learning than the painters (P<0.001) and the dancers (P<0.001). There was no difference in the duration of learning between the painters and the dancers. The relatively younger age and preponderance of females in our artist sample group largely reflects the demographics of artist education in Taiwan. All the professional artists enrolled in this study were art students of art universities of Taiwan (mainly from Taipei National University of Arts). All students have been receiving special and dedicated programs of arts with stringent training and continuous education since primary school. More specifically, the program for the dancers is a unified system integrating high school and university education together.