Unemployment in the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933 and the following years until 1938.

The essay focuses on the economic context of unemployment, analyzed in the framework of three questions: 1) How does unemployment develop over time? 2) Who was particularly affected by unemployment? Were there any notable differences between social groups, sectors, gender, and region? 3) What causes can be named for the high unemployment rate at this time? A reliable unemployment statistics, structured by sector, region, and gender, does only exist till 1928. Since 1928, the newly established Imperial Institute for Employment and Unemployment Insurance (=Reichanstalt für Arbeitsvermittlung und Arbeitslosenversicherung) carried out uniform surveys in regular intervals using comparable criteria. In the time before, there were mainly two detection methods in use: On the one hand the reports of done work of communities and the private sector were used as sources. On the other hand, since 1903, the labour unions’ unemployment statistics, gathered the unemployed union members. Datatables in HISTAT (Topic: Employment (= Erwerbstätigkeit)): 01. Arbeitslose in Prozent der erfassten Gewerkschaftsmitglieder (1907-1931) (= Unemployed in percent of the gathered union members) 02. Arbeitslosigkeit in ausgewählten Ländern (1919-1938) (= Unemployed in selected countries) 03. Arbeitslose in Prozent der Erwerbspersonen (1931-1936) (= Untemployed in percent of the labour force) 04. Arbeitslose je 1.000 Einwohner in deutschen Großstädten (1928-1936) (= Unemployed per 1.000 inhabitants of German cities) 05. Vollerwerbslose insgesamt und arbeitslose Angestellte (1921-1932) (= Unemployed in total and unemployed clerical worker)本论文聚焦失业问题的经济语境，围绕三大核心问题展开分析：1）失业状况随时间如何演变？2）哪些群体受失业影响尤为严重？不同社会群体、行业、性别及地区之间是否存在显著差异？3）彼时高失业率的成因有哪些？ 具备分行业、地区及性别维度的可靠失业统计数据仅可追溯至1928年。1928年起，新成立的帝国就业与失业保险协会（Imperial Institute for Employment and Unemployment Insurance，德语全称Reichanstalt für Arbeitsvermittlung und Arbeitslosenversicherung）以可比标准定期开展统一调查。在此之前，主要采用两类统计方法：其一，以社区与私营部门的已完工工作报送材料作为数据源；其二，自1903年起，采用工会收集的失业工会会员统计数据作为统计依据。 HISTAT数据库数据表（主题：就业（Erwerbstätigkeit））： 01. 工会登记会员失业占比（1907-1931） （即：失业人数占统计工会会员比例） 02. 部分国家失业状况（1919-1938） （即：部分国家失业情况） 03. 劳动力失业占比（1931-1936） （即：失业人数占劳动力比例） 04. 德国大城市每千居民失业人数（1928-1936） （即：德国城市每千居民失业人数） 05. 总失业人数与失业文职雇员（1921-1932） （即：总失业人数与失业文职人员）