Bioprocesses crosstalk critical for envelope integrity.

(A) Distinct patterns of enrichment in aggravating and alleviating genetic interactions between select envelope bioprocesses in rich and minimal medium. (B) Aggravating genetic interactions (orange edges) and metabolic links (black arrows) between the CA, LPS/ECA and cell wall biosynthetic pathways. (C) Antibiotic sensitivity of select E. coli mutants; bioprocess and gene identity indicated. Phenotypic complementation based on plasmid rescue. (D) Isobologram portraying the enhanced combination potency of amoxicillin (AMOX) and phosphomycin (PMB) against E. coli mutants deficient in cell wall (murA), LPS (lpxA) or CA (wcaB) production. Dotted line indicates additivity; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration normalized relative to no drug control.