P-value Analysis for statistical validation of the hybrid model against deep learning models. This analysis extends the validation in Table 9 to advanced deep learning architectures. It implies that even though the proposed hybrid SVM-PSO-AI model has a different structure, it is more powerful in predicting cardiovascular risk, and these findings cannot be explained by random change in the data.

P-value Analysis for statistical validation of the hybrid model against deep learning models. This analysis extends the validation in Table 9 to advanced deep learning architectures. It implies that even though the proposed hybrid SVM-PSO-AI model has a different structure, it is more powerful in predicting cardiovascular risk, and these findings cannot be explained by random change in the data.