Source data for "A movable long-term implantable soft microfibre for dynamic bioelectronics"

Long-term implantable bioelectronics offer a powerful means to evaluate the function of the nervous system and serve as effective human-machine interfaces. Here, inspired by earthworms, we introduce NeuroWorm—a soft, stretchable and freely movable fibre sensor designed for bioelectronic interface. Our approach involves rolling to transform 2D bioelectronic devices into 1D NeuroWorm, creating a multifunctional microfibre that houses longitudinally-distributed electrode arrays for both bio-electric and -mechanical monitoring. NeuroWorm effectively records high-quality spatio-temporal signals in situ while steerable advancing within the brain or on the muscle as needed. This allows for the dynamic targeting and shifting of desired monitoring sites. Implanted in muscle through a tiny incision, NeuroWorm provides stable bioelectrical monitoring in rats for over 43 weeks. Even after 54 weeks of implantation in muscle, fibroblast encapsulation around the fibre remains negligible. Our NeuroWorm, represents a platform that promotes a significant advance in bioelectronics—from immobile probe fixed in place to active, intelligent and living devices for long-term, minimally-invasive, and mobile evaluation of the nervous system.