Schematic diagram of the experimental protocol.

One week after retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma implantation in 22 mice, the tumor-bearing mice were randomly assigned to either the BLS-only or BLS + FGS groups. Resection of the tumor was performed using the Dino-Lite imaging system under fluorescence navigation (14). Postoperatively, the surgical resection bed was imaged with the OV100 at a magnification of 0.14× or 0.56× to detect residual fibrosarcoma cells.