A low abundance of intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria is linked to an increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid nodules

The thyroid-gut axis refers to the intricate relationship between the gut, intestinal microbiota, and the thyroid gland, and it is speculated to play an important role in the development of thyroid diseases. This study aimed to identify the specific bacteria in intestinal microbiota associated with benign thyroid nodules (BTN) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to develop a non-invasive microbiota-targeted warning model for BTN and PTC.