Measurement of the fumarole temperature of the north eastern crater rim of Vesuvius -----Long-term variations of fumarole temperature of the north eastern crater rim of Vesuvius (Italy)

Measurements of the fumarole temperature of the north eastern edge of Vesuvius have been carried out since 1995.
The temperature is measured at a depth of 10 cm using a K-type thermocouple. The coordinate of the fumarole is 33T 451833.1m E - 4519224.8m N.

The monitored fumarole is the one at the highest altitude present on Vesuvius

The fumarole is characterized by low temperatures (59.5 - 75.6 ˚C) and discharge a mixture of air (46% -72%), steam (25% -45%) and CO2 (0.2% -2%). The air is the main component of fumarole, is most likely included in the upper fluids part of the fumarolic ducts found in the highly permeable products of the Vesuvian cone.