GPM Ground Validation Passive Aquatic Listener (PAL)

The GPM Ground Validation Passive Aquatic Listener (PAL) dataset contains underwater hydrophone data at a one-minute time step with a typical 5 km diameter footprint when deployed or drifting at 1 km depth. Areal rain rate and wind speed estimates are mutually exclusive, meaning that time periods that are unambiguously identified as rain are used to estimate rain rate, and wind speed is only estimated in the absence of rain. The data are available in netCDF-4 format and include time, interpolated geolocation data, the rain rate or wind speed estimates for each time, and location pair. PALs are deployed irregularly on Argo ocean profiling floats and moorings, typically as part of field campaigns. As such, the number of PALs collecting data is inconsistent in time and space. The entire dataset covers the period from October 18, 2010, through July 28, 2021.

GPM 地面验证被动水下监听器（PAL）数据集包含以一分钟为时间步长的水下水听器数据，当在 1 公里深度部署或漂流时，其典型足迹直径为 5 公里。面积降雨率和风速估计是相互排斥的，即那些被明确识别为降雨的时间段用于估计降雨率，而风速仅在无雨的情况下进行估计。数据以 netCDF-4 格式提供，包括时间、插值地理位置数据、每个时间点的降雨率或风速估计，以及位置对。PAL 通常在 Argo 海洋剖面浮标和系泊浮标上不规则部署，通常作为野外考察的一部分。因此，收集数据的 PAL 数量在时间和空间上不一致。整个数据集涵盖了从 2010 年 10 月 18 日至 2021 年 7 月 28 日的时期。