Gut microbiota profile and plasma metabolome and lipidome in type 1 diabetes without and with stratification by albuminuria

In a cross-sectional study we included 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 50 healthy control individuals. Individuals with type 1 diabetes were categorised into three groups according to historically measured albuminuria: (1) normoalbuminuria (<3.39 mg/mmol); (2) microalbuminuria (3.39–33.79 mg/mmol); and (3) macroalbuminuria (=33.90 mg/ mmol). From faecal samples, the gut metagenome was analyzed by whole genome sequencing, comparing both taxonomical and functional profiles