Comparison between the predicted adult mortality rate (PM, %) for each tested concentration (Conc., mg/L) of four pesticides using a probabilistic toxicity model and the observed brood mortality rate (AOM, %) for bee larva from the 6-d <i>in-vitro</i> rearing experiments.

aβ is the slope of the probit function for different pesticides [13], [28]. bLC50 is the median lethal concentrations of each pesticide to adult honeybees [1]. cPM = predicted adult mortality rate (%) for each pesticide at the tested concentrations using inverse prediction of the probit function. d1,2,3,4,5,6-d is the observed conditional mortality rate (%) for larval bees at each age (in day) in the in vitro rearing process. eAOM = average daily mortality rate (%) for larval bees in the in vitro rearing process. *Significant at p<0.05; **significant at p<0.001. (Statistical differences in larval survival were assessed between pesticide-treated and solvent control groups.)