NOAA High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Analysis Products

This archive covers two high resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis products developed using an optimum interpolation (OI) technique. The analyses have a spatial grid resolution of 0.25 degree and temporal resolution of 1 day. One product uses Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) infrared satellite data, while the other uses satellite data from both AVHRR and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer from NASA Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Both products also use sea-ice data, in situ data from ships and buoys, and include a large-scale adjustment of satellite biases with respect to the in situ data. Two products are needed because of the increase in signal variance from AMSR-E due to its near all-weather coverage. For both products, the results show improved spatial and temporal resolution compared to heritage weekly 1.0 degree OISST analyses from the NWS NCEP. The AVHRR-only product uses Pathfinder AVHRR data, when available, from September 1981 through December 2005, and operational Navy AVHRR data for 2006 onwards. Pathfinder AVHRR was chosen because of good agreement with the in situ data. The combined AMSR-E and AVHRR product begins with the start of AMSR data in June 2002 and ends in October 2011, when the AMSR-E instrument ceased to function properly. In this second product, the primary AVHRR contribution is in regions near land where AMSR-E is not available. However, in cloud-free regions, use of both infrared and microwave instruments reduces systematic biases because the error characteristics are independent. For both products, in areas where sea ice is present, SST is estimated from sea ice fraction datasets from NASA GSFC before 2005 and then from NWS NCEP from 2005 onwards. Preliminary products are produced daily in near real-time (1-day latency) and may be updated in the first few days if critical input data become available after the initial production time. After two weeks, a complete or final product is generated with no additional changes expected. The preliminary products from near real-time data productions began in October 2008 for Version 2.0.

本档案涵盖了采用最优插值技术（OI）开发的两种高分辨率海面温度（SST）分析产品。该分析的空间网格分辨率为0.25度，时间分辨率为1天。其中一种产品采用先进的甚高分辨率辐射计（AVHRR）红外卫星数据，另一种产品则利用了来自AVHRR和NASA地球观测系统（AMSR-E）的高级微波扫描辐射计的卫星数据。两种产品均采用了海冰数据、船舶和浮标现场数据，并对卫星偏差进行了大规模调整，以与现场数据进行校正。由于AMSR-E的全天候覆盖导致信号方差增加，因此需要两种产品。与NWS NCEP的继承性每周1.0度OISST分析相比，两种产品均显示出空间和时间分辨率上的提升。仅使用AVHRR的产品在可用时使用Pathfinder AVHRR数据，从1981年9月至2005年12月，以及从2006年起的海军AVHRR操作数据。Pathfinder AVHRR之所以被选中，是因为其与现场数据的一致性良好。结合AMSR-E和AVHRR的产品从2002年6月AMSR数据开始，至2011年10月AMSR-E仪器停止正常工作为止。在此第二种产品中，AVHRR的主要贡献区域是AMSR-E不可用的陆地附近区域。然而，在无云区域，使用红外和微波仪器可以减少系统偏差，因为其误差特性是独立的。对于两种产品，在存在海冰的地区，SST估计来自NASA GSFC的海冰分数数据集（2005年之前）和NWS NCEP（2005年及以后）。初步产品以近乎实时（1天延迟）的方式每日生产，并在最初生产时间之后如果出现关键输入数据，可能在前几天内进行更新。两周后，生成完整或最终产品，预计将不再进行任何修改。从2008年10月开始，近实时数据生产的初步产品始于2.0版本。