Regression models for primary outcomes and variables of interest.

OR: Odds Ratio; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval¶The payment amount was ln transformed to provide a better fit for the data1Based on a logistic regression model including age, sex, income, payer, CCI, race, hospital region, hospital location, hospital bedsize, density of neurosurgeons as covariates2Based on a generalized linear model including age, sex, income, payer, CCI, race, hospital region, hospital location, hospital bedsize, density of neurosurgeons as covariates3Based on a generalized linear model including age, sex, income, payer, CCI, race, hospital region, hospital location, hospital bedsize, density of neurosurgeons as covariates. Hospitalization charges underwent an ln transformation because this provided the best fit for our data§The point estimates from these linear regressions represent beta coefficients and not odds ratiosRegression models for primary outcomes and variables of interest.