The effects of a gamified approach avoidance training and verbal suggestions on food outcomes

In this study, we investigated the effects of a gamified approach-avoidance training on food-related outcomes and whether verbal suggestions could strengthen the effects. Healthy participants (N = 120) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: serious gaming only, verbal suggestions only, serious gaming combined with verbal suggestions, or a gaming control condition. We assessed virtual food preference and food choice with a food choice task, with pairs differing in healthiness or in healthiness and attractiveness. In addition, implicit food preference was assessed with an Implicit Association Test and food intake was assessed with a bogus taste test. Results showed that participants in both serious gaming conditions made healthier food choices for pairs differing in healthiness and attractiveness compared to participants in the gaming control condition. In addition, participants in both serious gaming conditions had healthier implicit food preferences compared to participants in the gaming control condition. No significant differences were found on food intake.