The effect of different pest management approaches on beneficial arthropod abundance.

A GAMM analysis was used to assess the effect of three pest management approaches (treatment: conventional, low input (LI), or control) and time (DAE, days after crop emergence) on the abundance of all beneficial arthropods (predators and parasitoids) collected using three different sampling techniques.
#A, a significant difference between treatments but the pattern does not follow what we expect; B, a significant difference between treatments and abundance was highest in control (or low input) and lowest in the conventional (control>LI>conven); C, no difference in pest abundance between the treatments. In this case no ranking was provided (NP). $ P-value of *<0.05, ** <0.01, *** <0.001.