Difference in means, and adjusted ETT estimates (simple substitution, TMLE, and propensity score matching).

95% confidence intervals are included in parentheses after each estimate. Asymptotic (normal-based) confidence intervals were calculated using the standard error of the Unadjusted, Targeted Maximum-Likelihood, and Matching estimators. The nonparametric bootstrap was used to generate 95% confidence intervals in the case of the Simple Substitution estimator.