Separate BMD estimates of UCd (µg/g cr) based on UB2M (µg/g cr) and UNAG (U/g cr) for subjects in CA and CBa.

aCorresponding 90th percentiles of UB2M (i.e. 1948.8 µg/g cr and 1608.7 µg/g cr) and UNAG (i.e. 90.2 U/g cr and 6.8 U/g cr) among the low-Cd exposed subjects were adopted as the thresholds for hyperB2Muria and hyperNAGuria in CA and CB, respectively. And BMD approach was used for the county-by-county data to generate BMD/BMDL values.bIn CA.cIn CB.dP values were obtained from the chi-square test with the Pearson goodness of fit test; if P>0.1 then the model is a good fit.eLogProbit model: P[response = background+(1-background) ×CumNorm×[intercept +slope×Log(dose)].fLoglogistic model: P[response] = background+(1-background)/[1+EXP(-intercept–slope×Log (dose)) ].gQuantal-linear model: P[response] = background+(1-background)×[1-EXP(-slope×dose)].