Knowledge-Graphs-for-Seismic-Data-and-Metadata: Data

Abstract

The increasing scale and diversity of seismic data, and the growing role of big data in seismology, has raised interest in methods to make data exploration more accessible. This paper presents the use of knowledge graphs (KGs) for representing seismic data and metadata to improve data exploration and analysis, focusing on usability, flexibility, and extensibility. Using constraints derived from domain knowledge in seismology, we define semantic models of seismic station and event information used to construct the KGs. Our approach utilizes the capability of KGs to integrate data across many sources and diverse schema formats. We use schema-diverse, real-world seismic data to construct KGs with millions of nodes, and illustrate potential applications with three big-data examples. Our findings demonstrate the potential of KGs to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of seismological workflows in research and beyond, indicating a promising interdisciplinary future for this technology.

Methods

The data here consists of, and was collected from:

Station metadata, in StationXML format, acquired from IRIS DMC using the fdsnws-station webservice (https://service.iris.edu/fdsnws/station/1/).

Earthquake event data, in NDK format, acquired from the Global Centroid-Moment Tensor (GCMT) catalog webservice (https://www.globalcmt.org) [1,2]. 

Earthquake event data, in CSV format, acquired from the Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN) catalog using the NCEDC's Northern California Earthquake Catalog Search webservice (doi.org/10.7932/NCEDC) [3].

Earthquake event data, in CSV format, acquired from the USGS earthquake catalog webservice (doi.org/10.5066/F7MS3QZH) [4].

A complete description of the StationXML file format can be found at https://www.fdsn.org/xml/station/.

A complete description of the NDK file format can be found at https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~gcmt/projects/CMT/catalog/allorder.ndk_explained. 

A complete description of the NCEDC file format can be found at https://ncedc.org/pub/doc/cat1/catlist.txt.

A complete description of the USGS file format can be found at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/comcat/#event-terms.

Also provided are conversions from NDK and StationXML file formats into JSON format. 

Usage Notes

No special programs or software is reqired to open the data files included here.

References

[1] Dziewonski, A. M., Chou, T. A., & Woodhouse, J. H. (1981). Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 86(B4), 2825-2852.

[2] Ekström, G., Nettles, M., & Dziewoński, A. M. (2012). The global CMT project 2004–2010: Centroid-moment tensors for 13,017 earthquakes. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 200, 1-9.

[3] NCEDC (2014), Northern California Earthquake Data Center. UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory. Dataset. doi:10.7932/NCEDC.

[4] U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, 2017, Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) Comprehensive Catalog of Earthquake Events and Products: Various, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MS3QZH.