Special Management Areas

Land delineated by the City Council, referencing where special controls are placed to ensure that adequate public access is provided to public beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves, by dedication or other means. From the Revised Ordinances of Honolulu (ROH) https://www.honolulu.gov/rep/site/ocs/roh/ROH_Chapter_25_article_1_12.pdf Sec. 25-1.2 Purpose. It is the City and County of Honolulu's policy to preserve, protect, and where possible, to restore the natural resources of the coastal zone of Hawaii. Special controls on development within an area along the shoreline are necessary to avoid permanent loss of valuable resources and foreclosure of management options, and to insure that adequate public access is provided to public owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves, by dedication or other means. It is also the policy of the city and county to avoid or minimize damage to natural or historic special management area wetlands wherever prudent or feasible; to require that activities not dependent upon a wetland location be located at upland sites; to allow wetland losses only where all practicable measures have been applied to reduce those losses that are unavoidable and in the public interest. (Sec. 33-1.2, R.O. 1978 (1987 Supp. to 1983 Ed.); Am. Ord. 93-74) Credits本类土地由市议会划定，指为确保公众可通过专用或其他方式充分进入公共海滩、休闲区域与自然保护区，而设置特殊管控措施的区域。本内容援引自《檀香山修订条例（Revised Ordinances of Honolulu，ROH）》，链接为https://www.honolulu.gov/rep/site/ocs/roh/ROH_Chapter_25_article_1_12.pdf，对应第25-1.2条「目的」。 檀香山市县的政策方针为：保护、维护并尽可能修复夏威夷沿海地带的自然资源。对海岸线沿线区域实施开发特殊管控，可避免宝贵资源永久流失、丧失管理选择空间，并确保通过专用或其他方式为公有或公用的海滩、休闲区域与自然保护区提供充分的公共通行权。 此外，本市县的政策还包括：在审慎可行的前提下，避免或尽可能减轻对自然或历史特殊管理区湿地的损害；要求非依赖湿地选址的活动需布局于高地场址；仅当已采取所有可行措施以减少不可避免且符合公共利益的湿地损失时，方可允许湿地被占用。（援引自1978年《檀香山修订条例》第33-1.2条【1983年版1987年增补】；第93-74号修正案） 资料来源