CLINICAL, ANAMNESTIC, AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF MICROCEPHALY OF VARIOUS ETIOLOGIES

According to current epidemiological data, the prevalence of microcephaly is approximately 2 cases per 1,000 live births; however, this estimate varies substantially depending on the diagnostic criteria applied, target population demographics, and consanguinity rates [2,6]. In populations with high rates of endogamous and consanguineous marriages characteristic, in particular, of certain regions in Central Asia the incidence of hereditary variants significantly exceeds global averages and can reach 1:1,000 [1,4]. Clinical diagnosis of microcephaly relies primarily on baseline anthropometry, specifically the systematic longitudinal measurement of head circumference plotted against standard percentile curves. Diagnostic criteria mandate a head circumference reduction below the 3rd percentile (-2 SD) or below the 0.4th percentile (-3 SD) in severe cases. Measurements must be recorded dynamically over at least three consecutive evaluations to accurately assess cranial growth velocity [3,5].