Non-destructive analysis of jade artifacts unearthed from Baojingwan site in Zhuhai

The portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy were used to scientifically analyze 75 typical jade artifacts unearthed from the Baojingwan site in Zhuhai. The material characteristics, making technique and cultural exchange of the jade artifacts were discussed. The jade artifacts analyzed are mainly ornaments such as jue, rings, earrings, ornaments, cores, cake shaped artifacts and geometric ornaments. Some stone tools such as ring stones and stone knives, as well as stone blanks and arrowheads are also comparatively analyzed. The jade ornaments unearthed from Baojingwan, Zhuhai are mainly jade rings, as well as a small number of rings, jue, ear pendants, cake shaped artifacts and geometric ornaments. The jade core is generally the raw materials left over from the making of rings, rings and ornaments, which are also used to make cakes, earrings and other artifacts. In terms of raw materials, the jade artifacts unearthed from Baojingwan site dated from the late Neolithic to the Bronze Age are mainly made of quartz (including crystal, agate, chalcedony, vein quartz and quartzite). There are also a few jade artifacts using serpentine, muscovite and rocks containing muscovite, quartz, calcite and other minerals. All the stone tools such as stone knives, stone arrowheads, ring stones and stone slabs are made by rocks. The making technology of jade artifacts in Baojing site mainly uses solid drills to drill holes on one side, but a few jade wares also use pipe drills to drill holes, which shows that the craftsmen in Baojing site have been able to use different drilling methods due to different characteristics of the products.