Factors tested for association with enterovirus positivity in the univariate analyses.

(1)IFIH1 946Ala is associated with a decrease, whereas the 946Thr with an increase in T1D risk in most studies [37]. Having detected the association of rs1990760 heterozygosity with an increased risk of enterovirus in blood, we further complemented the genotyping with the rs3747517 SNP which is in linkage disequilibrium with the rs1990760 (D′ = 1.0, r2 = 0.59 in our study, calculated according to [38]): however, the rs3747517 polymorphism was not significantly associated with enterovirus positivity (P = 0.063), and did not improve the fit of the multivariable analyses.(2)The tested SNPs were rs35667974, rs35337543, rs35744605, rs35732034. Their minor alleles have been found associated with a decreased risk of T1D [18].(3)The proportion of IFIH1 genotypes was not different among the years of sampling (p = 0.43).(4)The analysis of HLA was restricted to a subset of sample taken at age 10–14 months, as the sampling schedules differed profoundly between the high-risk carriers and the non high-risk individuals. Whilst the former had a more even distribution of samples, the latter was almost exclusively restricted to the age 10–14 months and taken in 2005–2006 only. High risk, the genotype DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02/DRB1*03-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2).(5)Stools from intervals more distant to the blood sample were not associated (the lowest p = 0.12 for interval 31 to 60 days before blood).