ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. MODERN PERSPECTIVES, CAUSES, AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES

This comprehensive scientific article analyzes the etiological factors, modern molecular pathogenesis mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and modern principles of treating arterial hypertension (AH) from both fundamental and practical perspectives. The relevance of the study is grounded in the consistently high rates of disability and premature mortality resulting from cardiovascular pathologies globally and, specifically, in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study delves into the interconnectedness of fundamental processes such as the overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and sodium sensitivity. The role of regional dietary characteristics among the population of Uzbekistan—specifically the excessive consumption of sodium chloride and saturated animal fats—as well as the sharp decline in physical activity levels and hereditary-genetic predisposition in the development of the disease are highlighted with scientific evidence. Furthermore, the article describes the principles of organoprotective therapy aimed at minimizing damage to "target" organs, namely the heart, brain, kidneys, fundus of the eye, and large arterial vessels, as well as the effectiveness of modern fixed-dose combinations and the socio-economic significance of prevention. The results of the research serve to improve national protocols in the field of cardiology.