Supplementary Data for the Study on Joint Angular Excursion and Efficiency in Terrestrial Mammals

Description This dataset supports a comparative morphofunctional analysis of limb angular excursion and mechanical efficiency in terrestrial mammals during the stance phase of walking. It compiles angular data from 182 species across 15 mammalian orders, incorporating both new video-based measurements and published sources. The dataset was developed under FONDECYT Project No. 11231111 and is intended to enable cross-taxon comparisons of joint use and locomotor strategy. Angular variables were extracted at touchdown, midstance, and toe-off for shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle joints using a validated vector-based digitizing protocol. The dataset also includes species-specific biological classifications (e.g., posture, body mass, speed, locomotor habit), reliability statistics, stride length estimates, and joint-level correlation analyses. These data form the empirical basis for the angular efficiency index introduced in the accompanying manuscript. Contents Supplementary File 1Title: Source List for Joint Angle Extraction by Species and Gait PhaseDescription: Complete list of data sources used to extract joint angles by species and gait phase, including taxonomic identity and type of source (peer-reviewed article or open-access video). Supplementary File 2Title: Locomotor Habit Classification and Justification by SpeciesDescription: Species-level classification of locomotor habits with justification based on anatomy, behavior, and literature references. Supplementary File 3Title: Joint Excursion, Total Angular Excursion, Angular Efficiency DataDescription: JAE, TAE, and angular efficiency values by joint and limb, as well as stride length and normalized stride length (SL/BM^0.33), categorized by biological factor. Supplementary File 4Title: Intra-Rater Test–Retest Reliability of Joint Angular MeasurementsDescription: Reliability statistics (ICC(3,1), SEM) for all joint measurements during stance, confirming high repeatability of the digitizing method. Supplementary File 5Title: Correlation Matrix Between Body Mass and Joint Angular Excursion by Biological FactorDescription: Correlation analyses between body mass and angular excursion at each joint, stratified by posture, speed, and habit. Supplementary File 6Title: Correlation Between Joint Angular Excursion and Body-Size–Normalized Stride LengthDescription: Correlations between joint excursions and normalized stride length across species, with supporting scatter plots. Supplementary File 7Title: Quadrant-Based Limb Efficiency Analysis, Frequency Distributions, and Contingency TestingDescription: Quadrant assignment based on forelimb and hindlimb efficiency values (threshold: 50%), with χ² and Fisher’s exact tests assessing associations with biological factors. This dataset provides a standardized and scalable framework for evaluating limb kinematics and mechanical performance in both extant and extinct mammalian taxa.