Oxidation of parasite components partially inhibits modulation of LPS-induced maturation of DCs by FhTE.

BMDCs were cultured in the presence of 75 μg/mL of FhTE, FhCB (oxidation negative control) or FhmPox (oxidized FhTE) in presence or absence of LPS (1 μg/ml) overnight at 37°C. Then, culture supernatants were collected and analyzed by ELISA for IL-6, IL-10 or IL-12/23p40 (A). BMDCs were also pre-incubated for 45 min. with mannose (Man), N-Acetyl-Galactosamine (GalNAc) or arabinose (Ara) at 10 mM and then stimulated as in A. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for detection of IL-6, IL-10 or IL-12/23p40 (B) and MIP-1α and MIP-2 (C). Alternatively, BMDCs were pre-incubated for 45 min. with 10 μM of specific signaling inhibitors (PHPS1; GW5074; and ER27319) and then stimulated with FhTE (75 μg/mL) in presence of LPS (1 μg/ml) (D). Results are expressed as the mean of three independent experiments (±SD, indicated by error bars). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*p < 0.01) with respect to LPS-stimulated BMDCs.