BMD estimates of UCd (µg/g cr) based on UB2M (µg/g cr) and UNAG (U/g cr) by conducting BMD approach with dichotomous data of all subjectsa.

aCorresponding 95th percentiles of UB2M (i.e. 1198.8 µg/g cr and 849.4 µg/g cr) and UNAG (i.e. 32.1 U/g cr and 6.4 U/g cr) among the subjects with UCd of ≤2.0 µg/g cr were adopted as the thresholds for hyperB2Muria and hyperNAGuria in CA and CB, respectively. And BMD approach was used for the combined dataset to generate BMD/BMDL values.bP values were obtained from the chi-square test with the Pearson goodness of fit test; if P>0.1 then the model is a good fit.cLogProbit model: P[response = background+(1-background) ×CumNorm×[intercept +slope×Log(dose)].dLogLogistic model: P[response] = background+(1-background)/[1+EXP(-intercept–slope×Log (dose)) ].