Moreira et al. 2025

In thi study, we tested the island rule in plants by examining leaf size variation—an organ-level analogue of body size—in 48 island species from six oceanic systems and their mainland counterparts. We conducted both conspecific comparisons (same species on islands and the mainland; <i>n</i> = 19 pairs) and congeneric comparisons (island endemics paired with a close mainland relative; <i>n</i> = 29 pairs) to assess pattern consistency across evolutionary scales. We also measured insect herbivory and recorded climatic variables to identify potential ecological correlates of island–mainland variation in leaf size.