Thermomechanical Characterization of Superelastic Ni-Ti SMA Helical Extension Springs Manufactured by Investment Casting

Shape memory alloy (SMA) helical springs are special mechanical parts that require a previous evaluation of its behavior for application. Therefore, in this paper thermal and mechanical behaviour of superelastic Ni-Ti SMA helical extension springs manufactured by investment casting (IC) are evaluated. Phase transformation temperatures were measured by Electrical Resistance as a function of Temperature (ERT) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Tensile tests were carried out within strain and temperatures ranges. The pitch angle and stiffness of each spring were determined. Results demonstrated that Ni-Ti SMA helical springs produced by IC presented phase transformation corresponding to the superelastic effect (SE). The reversible deformations under tensile test were of the order of 70%. The mechanical behavior as function of temperature revealed a linear relationship between maximum force and spring temperature.