SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ENCLAVES AND EXCLAVES ON LOCAL POPULATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF TRANSBOUNDARY REGIONS

This study examines how enclave and exclave geography affects the socio-economic conditions of local populations. It highlights how territorial isolation and border restrictions create challenges in trade, mobility, employment, and access to essential services. Through a comparative analysis of transboundary regions, the research shows that enclave residents often experience higher living costs and fewer economic opportunities. The study also suggests solutions such as soft-border policies and regional economic cooperation to reduce the negative effects of fragmented territories and improve regional development.