soil multifunctinality
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The patterns and drivers of soil multifunctionality during primary succession in glacier retreats were examined on a 120-years old <i>Hailuogou Glacier Chronosequence</i>. Bacteria and fungi sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform; nematodes were extracted and identified to the genus level using an inverted compound microscope. Multitrophic diversity was calculated using the richness of individual groups of soil organisms after z-score transformations. To calculate the ecosystem multifunctionality, fourteen ecosystem functions were selected and assessed with both averaging and threshold approaches. To determine elemental flux, potential activities of five extracellular soil enzymes were assayed and grouped into C fluxes (BG and CBH), N fluxes (LAP and NAG) and P fluxes (AP). To determine community energy fluxes, nematode food web topology was assessed including fresh biomass of each nematode group, their feeding preferences, and community density. Food web coupling for multi-kingdom groups—plant, bacteria, fungi, bacterivorous nematodes, fungivorous nematodes, herbivorous nematodes, omnivorous and predatory nematodes—were constructed as the average coefficient of pairwise Spearman’s rank correlations, and visualized using Cytoscape. Structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze hypothetical pathways regarding how chronosequence impacted the ecosystem multifunctionality.
本研究以拥有120年序列的海螺沟冰川年代序列（Hailuogou Glacier Chronosequence）为研究对象，探究了冰川退缩后原生演替过程中土壤多功能性的变化模式与驱动机制。研究采用Illumina MiSeq PE300平台对细菌与真菌进行测序；利用倒置复合显微镜对线虫进行提取并鉴定至属级水平。多营养级多样性通过Z分数标准化变换后，以各土壤生物类群的丰富度进行计算。为测算生态系统多功能性，本研究选取14项生态系统功能，分别采用平均法与阈值法开展评估。为测定元素通量，本研究检测了5种土壤胞外酶的潜在活性，并将其划分为碳通量组（BG与CBH）、氮通量组（LAP与NAG）及磷通量组（AP）。为解析群落能量通量，本研究对线虫食物网拓扑结构进行了分析，涵盖各线虫类群的鲜生物量、取食偏好以及群落密度。针对植物、细菌、真菌、食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫、植食性线虫、杂食性与捕食性线虫这一多界类群的食物网耦合度，以成对斯皮尔曼等级相关系数的平均值进行构建，并通过Cytoscape软件完成可视化。本研究采用结构方程模型（Structural Equation Modeling），分析了冰川年代序列对生态系统多功能性的潜在影响路径。
