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Here, we synthesized 8341 soil observations that separate the bulk SOC into MAOC and POC fractions globally (Extended Data Datasets 1 and 2). The current datasets spanned broadly along spatial and climatic gradients: latitude ranged from -63° S to 69° N, longitude ranged from -155° S to 153° N, mean annual temperature (MAT) ranged from -9 °C to 28 °C, while mean annual precipitation ranged from 7 mm to 4358 mm. We aimed to produce global maps of MAOC and POC by a machine learning approach, and to reveal the global spatial and profile distributions of turnover times of MAOC and POC using a data-assimilation approach.