GRSM_WATERSHEDS_VS

The natural resource monitoring component of the parks I&M Program provides park managers, planners, and other key audiences with scientifically-credible data and information on the status and trends of selected park resources. The information is used as a basis for making decisions and working with other agencies and the public for the long-term protection of park ecosystems. The park inventory & monitoring program is designed to provide site-specific information needed to identify and understand change in park ecosystems that are characterized by complexity, variability, and surprises. The information helps to determine whether observed changes are within natural levels of variability, or if they may be the result of unwanted human influences. The broad-based, scientifically sound information obtained through this systems-based, long-term ecological monitoring program has multiple applications for management decision-making, research, education, and promoting public understanding of park resources. These data depict the primary and secondary watersheds within which Vital Signs data collection efforts have been tailored around aquatic ecosystems. Park goals for Vital Signs Monitoring. Determine the status and trends, in selected indicators, of the condition of park ecosystems to allow managers to make better-informed decisions and to work more effectively with other agencies and individuals for the benefit of park resources. Provide early warning of abnormal conditions of selected resources to help develop effective mitigation measures and reduce costs of management. Provide data to better understand the dynamic nature and condition of park ecosystems and to provide reference points for comparisons with other, altered environments. Provide data to meet certain legal and Congressional mandates related to natural resource protection and visitor enjoyment. Provide a means of measuring progress towards performance goals. Vital signs monitoring tracks a subset of physical, chemical, and biological elements and processes of park ecosystems that are selected to represent the overall health or condition of park resources, known or hypothesized effects of stressors, or elements that have important human values. Monitoring results are used by park managers, planners, interpreters, and partners to support management decision-making, park planning, research, education, and public understanding of park resources. More than 1,000 scientists, resource specialists, park managers, and data managers actively contributed to the design and implementation of this long-term program. This highly collaborative effort has resulted in an integrative, park-based program with a strong link between scientific and technical information and management needs, and an emphasis on helping to "put science into the hands of park managers and planners" in the National Park Service. The corresponding Integration of Resource Management Applications (IRMA) NPS Data Store reference is Great Smoky Mountains National Park Vital Signs Watersheds.国家公园清查与监测（Inventory & Monitoring, I&M）计划的自然资源监测分支，可为公园管理者、规划人员及其他核心受众提供关于选定公园资源现状与变化趋势的科学可信数据与信息。 此类信息可作为决策基础，用于与其他机构及公众协作，以实现公园生态系统的长期保护目标。 本公园清查与监测计划旨在提供针对特定场地的信息，以识别并理解以复杂性、变异性及不确定性为特征的公园生态系统变化。 此类信息可用于判定观测到的变化是否处于自然变异性范围内，或是由不良人类活动影响所导致。 通过此基于系统的长期生态监测计划所获取的广泛且科学可靠的信息，可广泛应用于管理决策、科研、教育以及提升公众对公园资源的认知。 本数据集涵盖一级与二级流域，针对这些流域的生命体征（Vital Signs）数据采集工作均围绕水生生态系统展开定制化设计。 公园生命体征监测的目标包括： 1. 针对选定指标，监测公园生态系统的健康状况及其变化趋势，助力管理者做出更科学的决策，并更高效地与其他机构及个人协作，以保护公园资源； 2. 为选定资源的异常状况提供早期预警，助力制定有效的减缓措施并降低管理成本； 3. 提供数据以更好地理解公园生态系统的动态特性与健康状况，并为与其他受干扰环境的对比提供参照基准； 4. 提供数据以满足与自然资源保护及游客体验相关的法定及国会要求； 5. 提供衡量绩效目标达成进度的手段。 生命体征监测会追踪公园生态系统中一系列物理、化学及生物要素与过程的子集，这些要素与过程的选取标准为：可代表公园资源的整体健康状况或状态、已知或假设的压力源影响，或是具有重要人类价值的要素。 监测结果可被公园管理者、规划人员、解说人员及合作方用于支撑管理决策、公园规划、科研、教育以及提升公众对公园资源的认知。 超过1000名科学家、资源专家、公园管理者及数据管理人员积极参与了此项长期计划的设计与实施工作。 此项高度协作的工作打造了一套整合式、以公园为基础的计划，实现了科学技术信息与管理需求的紧密结合，并着重强调要将"科学成果交付至公园管理者与规划人员手中"，服务于国家公园管理局（National Park Service, NPS）。 对应的资源管理应用集成（Integration of Resource Management Applications, IRMA）国家公园管理局数据存储引用为：大烟山国家公园生命体征流域数据集。