THYROID DISEASES

This article analyzes the importance of modern diagnostic methods in the early detection of thyroid diseases, their advantages and limitations, as well as the possibilities of their application based on a comprehensive approach. Thyroid pathologies are widespread among endocrine system diseases, characterized by a long-term latent course and detection in late stages. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 5-10% of the world's population suffers from thyroid dysfunction of varying degrees. The article examines the effectiveness of ultrasound examination (US), laboratory hormonal tests (TSH, T3, T4), and non-invasive diagnostic methods. In particular, the accuracy of detecting nodular changes using ultrasound is 85-95%. It was also noted that the ability to differentially diagnose benign and malignant changes using fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has an accuracy of 90–97%. In modern approaches, the integrated use of laboratory and instrumental methods in diagnosing thyroid diseases significantly increases diagnostic accuracy