Seasonal and spatial variation of human disturbance recorded in a complex multi-use landscape of SW Alberta, Canada.

[X: not allowed; √: allowed; LR landowner restricted; PIO permitted immediately outside park’s borders; 1 average number of vehicles having access to areas where elk behavioural observations were performed, as recorded by road counters; *elk were not observed on public lands in winter-spring when they usually move to lower elevations within private lands and the national park].