Data from: Antagonistic versus non-antagonistic models of balancing selection: characterizing the relative timescales and hitchhiking effects of partial selective sweeps

Antagonistically selected alleles-–those with opposing fitness effects
between sexes, environments, or fitness components-–represent an important
component of additive genetic variance in fitness-related traits, with
stably balanced polymorphisms often hypothesized to contribute to observed
quantitative genetic variation. Balancing selection hypotheses imply that
intermediate-frequency alleles disproportionately contribute to genetic
variance of life-history traits and fitness. Such alleles may also
associate with population genetic footprints of recent selection,
including reduced genetic diversity and inflated linkage disequilibrium at
linked, neutral sites. Here, we compare the evolutionary dynamics of
different balancing selection models, and characterize the evolutionary
timescale and hitchhiking effects of partial selective sweeps generated
under antagonistic versus nonantagonistic (e.g., overdominant and
frequency-dependent selection) processes. We show that the evolutionary
timescales of partial sweeps tend to be much longer, and hitchhiking
effects are drastically weaker, under scenarios of antagonistic selection.
These results predict an interesting mismatch between molecular population
genetic and quantitative genetic patterns of variation. Balanced,
antagonistically selected alleles are expected to contribute more to
additive genetic variance for fitness than alleles maintained by classic,
nonantagonistic mechanisms. Nevertheless, classical mechanisms of
balancing selection are much more likely to generate strong population
genetic signatures of recent balancing selection.