Tourist trampling reduces soil enzyme activities through nitrogen limitation

Our results showed that: (1) planted grasslands had significantly lower baseline soil enzyme activities compared to secondary forest ecosystems; (2) Tourist trampling reduced soil enzyme activities by 11.7-53.0% across three vegetation types, with artificial grasslands exhibiting less reduction (11.7-40.5%) than coniferous (25.0-53.0%) and deciduous forests (32.6-50.9%)