Energetic Salts Based on 3,5-Bis(dinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazole Monoanion and Dianion: Controllable Preparation, Characterization, and High Performance

Molecular modification of known explosives
is considered to be
an efficient route to design new energetic materials. A new family
of energetic salts based on the 3,5-bis­(dinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazole
monoanion and dianion were controllably synthesized by using 1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene
as a precursor. X-ray structure determination of monohydrazinium 3,5-bis­(dinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolate
(5) and monoammonium (6) and diammonium
3,5-bis­(dinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolate hydrate (8·H2O) further confirmed the structures of these anions. In addition,
as supported by X-ray data, in the monoanion system, the roving proton
on the ring nitrogen rather than on the gem-dinitro
carbon results in extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions and higher
packing coefficients. Interestingly, 5 and 6 possess the highest calculated crystal densities, 1.965 and 1.957
g cm–3 at 150 K, for hydrazinium and ammonium energetic
salts, respectively. Energetic evaluation indicates that 5 (detonation velocity vD = 9086 m s–1; detonation pressure P = 38.7 GPa)
and 6 (vD, 9271 m s–1; P = 41.0 GPa) exhibit great detonation properties,
superior to those of current highly explosive benchmarks, such as
1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine
(HMX).