Exceptional Maximum Temperature Events in Portugal (1980–2024): Centroid Locations, Daily and Annual T<sub>max</sub> Data
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This dataset encompasses comprehensive information on exceptional maximum temperature (T<sub>max</sub>) events across mainland Portugal from 1 October 1980 to 30 September 2024. It includes:<b>Centroid Locations and Event Occurrences:</b> Data for 1,012 centroids detailing their geographic positions and associated occurrences of exceptional Tmax events.<b>Daily Tmax Records:</b> Daily Tmax measurements at the 1,012 locations spanning the specified period.<b>Annual Tmax Averages:</b> Annual Tmax averages for each centroid over the study duration.These datasets are integral to the study "Red-Hot Portugal: Mapping the Increasing Severity of Exceptional Maximum Temperature Events (1980–2024)" by Luis Angel Espinosa and Maria Manuela Portela. The research investigates the spatial distribution and temporal trends of extreme heat events in Portugal, utilizing ERA5-Land reanalysis data. The analysis employs percentile-based thresholds (Q90, Q99, and Q99.9) to assess changes in the occurrence and severity of exceptional T<sub>max</sub> events across two 22-year subperiods. Findings indicate a significant increase in the severity of extreme heat, particularly in central and southern Portugal, with over 90% of locations exhibiting a rise in exceptional event occurrences. This research underscores the acceleration of heat extremes, highlighting critical regions such as Alentejo and interior areas that have experienced the most severe warming. The dataset is intended to support further research on climate change impacts, water resources, agriculture, and human health in the context of rising temperatures and more persistent extreme heat conditions.
