Whole body masses and center of mass (COM) positions for the five tyrannosaur specimens.

Body mass, absolute COM position, and COM position are shown; the latter is normalized by four alternative metrics: femur length, body length, gleno-acetabular distance (GAD), and limb length (data from Table 3). The six models represented for each specimen are four variants maximizing the cranial, caudal, dorsal and ventral COM extreme positions, and the minimal and maximal mass models.