Research progress of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in female reproductive dysfunction

Infertility is a critical reproductive health issue affecting both male and female reproductive systems. Despite the widespread application of traditional assisted reproductive technologies (ART), many cases of infertility remain unresolved. Therefore, clinical researchers are exploring more efficient and non-invasive new therapies to address this challenge. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) have shown significant potential in improving the treatment of infertility and pregnancy outcomes due to their paracrine activity. This article reviews the application of MSC and MSC-EXOs in various types of female reproductive diseases, with a focus on their important role and mechanism in treating female infertility.