Documenting mating behavior in a rare dwarf gecko: first field data on Lygodactylus wetzeli (Smith, Martin & Swain 1977) (Squamata: Gekkonidae)

Reproductive behavior studies are essential for understanding the biology and ecology of species, particularly for poorly known and endemic taxa, as they provide insights into population dynamics, adaptations, and conservation strategies. Here, we present the first documented observations of the mating behavior of <i>Lygodactylus wetzeli</i>, a little-known dwarf gecko endemic to the Dry Chaco region of South America. On 9 January 2025, in Boquerón Department, Paraguay, at 12:37, an interaction involving two females and two males was observed on a <i>Libidibia paraguariensis</i><i> </i>tree. The larger female displaced the other female, after which a male approached and initiated courtship. Following brief interaction, mating occurred, with the male clasping the female and maintaining contact as the pair ascended the tree. The observation highlights unique reproductive behavior in <i>L. wetzeli</i> under extreme environmental conditions, characterized by high temperatures (39°C) and low humidity (40%). These findings provide critical insights into the natural history of <i>L. wetzeli</i>, laying the groundwork for future studies on its reproductive strategies and ecological adaptations. Comparative analyses with other <i>Lygodactylus</i> species, such as <i>L. klugei</i>, could reveal how environmental pressures shape reproductive behavior and contribute to diversification within the genus. This observation represents a significant contribution to the understanding of gecko ecology in the Dry Chaco and underscores the need for further research on this enigmatic species.