Dataset of geochemical data acquired from multiparametric stations of the Osservatorio Versuviano geochemical monitoring network in the Campi Flegrei and Vesuvio areas (southern Italy)

Here we report the data acquired by 8 multiparametric geochemical stations, from the data of installation until July 2025. The stations are branded Thearen and are installed at the Campi Flegrei caldera (7) and on Mount Vesuvio (1). Locations are given in the attached file named “Stazioni_Geochimiche.kmz”. The configuration of the stations is reported below: V03 and V12 are equipped with (i) a Vaisala CARBOCAP Carbon Dioxide probe GMP343 (range of measurement 0-20000 ppm; accuracy ±5 ppm CO2 + 2% of reading) for the measurement of the CO2 flux form the soil; (ii) a Pt 100 sensor for measuring the temperature of the soil at the specific site; (iii) a CS616 for the measurement of the volumetric water content; (iv) a LSI lastem rain gauge for the measurement of precipitation; (v) a Metpak weather station for the measurements of wind speed and direction, air temperature, humidity and barometric pressure. V12 station is also equipped with a Cozir GSS sprint IR (range of measurement 0-200000 ppm) supplemental sensor for the measurement of the CO2 flux form the soil. The station V03 is set to perform one measurements per hour while the station V12 is set to perform one measure every six hours. Actually the V12 station is not working due to technical issues. V202, V11 and V07 are equipped with (i) a Vaisala CARBOCAP Carbon Dioxide probe GMP343 (range of measurement 0-20000 ppm; accuracy ±5 ppm CO2 + 2% of reading) for the measurement of the CO2 flux form the soil; (ii) a Cozir GSS sprint IR (range of measurement 0-200000 ppm) supplemental sensor for the measurement of the CO2 flux form the soil (range of measurements 0-200000 ppm); (iii) a Pt 100 sensor for measuring the temperature of the soil at the specific site; (iv) a CS616 for the measurements of the volumetric water content; (v) a LSI lastem rain gauge for the measurements of precipitation; (vi) a thermohygrometer equipped with a Sensirion™ temperature and relative humidity sensor (model SHT35-DIS-F) and a TeConnectivity™ pressure sensor (model MS583702BA01-50);(vi) a Gill WindSonic 75 ultrasonic wind sensor for the measurements of wind speed and direction; (vii) a MultiGas measurement system with a sniffer placed approximatively 2m above the ground level, comprising an IR detector (Vaisala CARBOCAP Carbon Dioxide probe GMP343) for measuring CO2 concentration in a 0-5000 ppm range and two electrochemical sensors for measuring H2S (range of measurement 0-20 ppm) and SO2 (range of measurement 0-20 ppm) air concentrations (Alphasense H2S-B4 and Alphasense SO2-B4 respectively). In the case of V11 station the SO2 concentration is measured with an Citicel electrochemical sensor with an extended range of measurements (0-200 ppm). The stations are set to perform one measurements per hour. MG-1, MG-2 and MG-3 are exclusively multigas stations equipped with (i) a MultiGas measurement system with a sniffer placed approximatively 3m above the ground level, comprising an IR detector (Vaisala CARBOCAP Carbon Dioxide probe GMP343) for measuring CO2 concentration in a 0-5000 ppm range and two electrochemical sensors for measuring H2S (range of measurement 0-20 ppm) and SO2 (range of measurement 0-200 ppm) concentrations (Alphasense H2S-B4 and SO2 Citicel respectively); (ii) a thermohygrometer equipped with a Sensirion™ temperature and relative humidity sensor (model SHT35-DIS-F) and a TeConnectivity™ pressure sensor (model MS583702BA01-50); (iii) a WindMaster 3-axis ultrasonic anemometers for high-frequency measurement of wind speed and direction . The stations are set to perform one measurements per hour. The uploaded excel file "Dati_stazioni_geochimiche_all.xls" contains data for which a continuous time series are available. It’s worth noting that the stations are installed at sites characterized by the presence of aggressive gas species (CO2 and H2S), water vapor and high temperature. Thus the absence of data for certain time windows is related to the nonfunctioning of the instruments due to problems of a different nature, likewise the presence of empty fields in some row may indicate erroneous or missed acquisitions. Considering the inherent characteristics of the installation sites, the technical issues encountered during the testing phase and the continuous need for maintenance work, users are strongly encouraged to contact the authors in order to avoid misinterpretation of the data. For sheets V03 and V12: Column A: station id Column B: sampling date and time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss) Column C: CO2 flux measured with the Cozir-Gss sensor expressed in ppm/sec Column D: battery voltage (Volt) Column E: soil temperature (°C) Column F: soil water content expressed as % Column G: precipitation expressed in mm/h Column H: air temperature expressed in °C Column I: air relative humidity expressed as % Column J: atmospheric pressure expressed in hPa Column K: wind speed in m/s Column L: wind direction in °N Column M: CO2 flux measured with the Vaisala CARBOCAP Carbon Dioxide probe GMP343 sensor expressed in ppm/sec Column N: CO2 flux measured with the Cozir-Gss sensor expressed in g m-2 day-1 Column O: CO2 flux measured with the Vaisala CARBOCAP Carbon Dioxide probe GMP343 sensor expressed in g m-2 day- For sheets V11, V202 and V07 from Column A to Column M is the same as previously reported. Column N: H2S concentration in the air expressed in ppmv Column O: SO2 concentration in the air expressed in ppmv Column P: CO2 concentration in the air expressed in ppmv Column Q: CO2 flux measured with the Cozir-Gss sensor expressed in g m-2 day-1 Column R: CO2 flux measured with the Vaisala CARBOCAP Carbon Dioxide probe GMP343 sensor expressed in g m-2 day- For sheets MG-1, MG-2 and MG-3: Column A: station id Column B: sampling date and time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss) Column C: battery voltage (Volt) Column D: air temperature expressed in °C Column E: air relative humidity expressed as % Column F: atmospheric pressure expressed in hPa Column G: H2S concentration in the air expressed in ppmv Column H: SO2 concentration in the air expressed in ppmv Column I: CO2 concentration in the air expressed in ppmv Column J: V Wind intensity in m/sec in the E-W direction. Column K: U Wind intensity in m/sec in the N-S direction. Column L: W Wind intensity in m/sec in the vertical direction.