A dataset of summer maize yield characteristics in the alluvial plain region of the old Yellow River course in Eastern Henan Province from 2008 to 2020

As one of the three major staple crops, maize serves as an important food and industrial raw material in China, playing an irreplaceable role in ensuring national food production security. The National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment in Shangqiu, Henan Province (referred to as Shangqiu Station), located in the core area of the Huanghuaihai Plain, strictly adheres to the technical specifications and requirements outlined in the Protocols for Standard Biological Observation and Measurement in Terrestrial Ecosystems during long-term monitoring of maize yield characteristics. This ensures the continuity, accuracy, and completeness of the acquired data. This dataset systematically organizes multiple key indicators observed from six typical farmland sites at Shangqiu Station between 2008 and 2020, including plant height, ear height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, total aboveground dry weight, 100-grain weight, grain dry weight, yield per unit area, direct production costs, and crop output value. The dataset provides critical data support for analyzing fluctuations in maize yield, studying the climate adaptability of maize varieties, constructing regional maize yield prediction models, and certifying and promoting superior cultivars in monitoring areas.