General Household Survey 2021 - South Africa

Abstract
---------------------------

The GHS is an annual household survey which measures the living circumstances of South African households. The GHS collects data on education, health, and social development, housing, access to services and facilities, food security, and agriculture.

Geographic coverage
---------------------------

National coverage

Analysis unit
---------------------------

Households and individuals

Universe
---------------------------

The survey covers all de jure household members (usual residents) of households in the nine provinces of South Africa, and residents in workers' hostels. The survey does not cover collective living quarters such as student hostels, old age homes, hospitals, prisons, and military barracks.

Kind of data
---------------------------

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
---------------------------

From 2015 the General Household Survey (GHS) uses a Master Sample (MS) frame developed in 2013 as a general-purpose sampling frame to be used for all Stats SA household-based surveys. This MS has design requirements that are reasonably compatible with the GHS. The 2013 Master Sample is based on information collected during the 2011 Census conducted by Stats SA. In preparation for Census 2011, the country was divided into 103 576 enumeration areas (EAs). The census EAs, together with the auxiliary information for the EAs, were used as the frame units or building blocks for the formation of primary sampling units (PSUs) for the Master Sample, since they covered the entire country, and had other information that is crucial for stratification and creation of PSUs. There are 3 324 primary sampling units (PSUs) in the Master Sample, with an expected sample of approximately 33 000 dwelling units (DUs). The number of PSUs in the current Master Sample (3 324) reflect an 8,0% increase in the size of the Master Sample compared to the previous (2008) Master Sample (which had 3 080 PSUs). The larger Master Sample of PSUs was selected to improve the precision (smaller coefficients of variation, known as CVs) of the GHS estimates. The Master Sample is designed to be representative at provincial level and within provinces at metro/non-metro levels. Within the metros, the sample is further distributed by geographical type. The three geography types are Urban, Tribal and Farms. This implies, for example, that within a metropolitan area, the sample is representative of the different geography types that may exist within that metro.

The sample for the GHS is based on a stratified two-stage design with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage.After allocating the sample to the provinces, the sample was further stratified by geography (primary stratification), and by population attributes using Census 2011 data (secondary stratification).

Mode of data collection
---------------------------

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview

Research instrument
---------------------------

Data was collected with a household questionnaire and a questionnaire administered to a household member to elicit information on household members.

Data appraisal
---------------------------

Since 2019, the questionnaire for the GHS series changed and the variables were also renamed. For correspondence between old names (GHS pre-2019) and new name (GHS post-2019), see the document ghs-2019-variables-renamed.

摘要
---------------------------
GHS（一般家庭调查）是一项年度家庭调查，旨在衡量南非家庭的居住状况。GHS收集有关教育、健康、社会发展和住房、服务及设施获取、粮食安全和农业等方面的数据。

地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
全国覆盖

分析单元
---------------------------
家庭和个人

调查范围
---------------------------
调查涵盖南非九个省份内所有法定家庭成员（常住居民）以及工人宿舍的居民。调查不包括集体生活区，如学生宿舍、养老院、医院、监狱和军事营房。

数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
---------------------------
自2015年起，一般家庭调查（GHS）采用2013年开发的通用抽样框架——主样本框架（MS），作为所有南非统计局基于家庭的调查的通用抽样框架。该主样本框架满足GHS的设计要求。2013年主样本框架基于南非统计局在2011年进行的人口普查收集的信息。为准备2011年的人口普查，全国被划分为103,576个统计区域（EA）。人口普查的统计区域及其辅助信息被用作主样本一级抽样单位（PSU）的框架单元或构建块，因为它们覆盖了整个国家，并且拥有对分层和创建PSU至关重要的其他信息。主样本中包含3,324个一级抽样单位（PSU），预计样本量为约33,000个居住单位（DU）。当前主样本（3,324个PSU）的数量相较于之前的（2008年）主样本（包含3,080个PSU）增加了8.0%。较大的主样本PSU数量被选中，以提高GHS估计的精确度（较小的变异系数，简称CV）。主样本旨在在省级层面以及省内城市/非城市层面具有代表性。在城市内，样本进一步按地理类型分布。三种地理类型为城市、部落和农场。这意味着，例如，在都市区内，样本代表了该都市区内可能存在的不同地理类型。

GHS的样本基于分层两阶段设计，第一阶段采用与规模成比例的概率抽样（PPS）对PSU进行抽样，第二阶段采用系统抽样对居住单位（DU）进行抽样。在将样本分配给省份后，样本进一步按地理（一级分层）和人口属性（使用2011年人口普查数据）进行分层。

数据收集方式
---------------------------
计算机辅助电话访谈

研究工具
---------------------------
数据收集采用家庭问卷和对家庭成员进行询问的问卷，以获取有关家庭成员的信息。

数据评估
---------------------------
自2019年以来，GHS系列问卷发生变更，变量名称也进行了更改。关于旧名称（GHS 2019年之前）与新名称（GHS 2019年及以后）之间的对应关系，请参阅文档ghs-2019-variables-renamed。