Estimates of the time of gene flow for different demographic models and mutation rates as well as different ascertainments.

The table presents estimates of the time of gene flow for different demographic models and mutation rates as well as different ascertainments. The main classes of models are a) NGF: No gene flow in a randomly mating population; b) AS: Ancient structure, c) RGF : Recent (2,000 generation ago) gene flow from Neandertals (N) into European ancestors (E), d) HM: Hybrid models with ancient structure and recent gene flow and e) Mutation rates that are set to 1×10−8/bp/generation and 5×10−8/bp/generation. The parameters of the models were chosen to match observed FST between Africans (Y) and Europeans (E) and to match the observed D-statistics of Africans and Europeans relative to Neandertal D(Y,E;N). In all models that involve recent gene flow, the time of gene flow was set to 2,000 generations. Our estimator of the time of gene flow provides accurate estimates of the time of gene flow for a wide range of demographic and mutational parameters. More details on the models and the ascertainments are in Figure 2, Figures S2 and S5 in Text S1.